BAPTIST THOROUGH REFORMERS
LECTURE IV
THE FIRST FEATURE OF
THE REFORM AT WHICH BAPTISTS AIM –
THE EXALTATION OF THE WORD OF GOD ABOVE TRADITION.
"Thus have ye
made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition."
– MATTHEW xv. 6.
EVERY reform in religion
presupposes the existence of errors, evil in their tendencies and results, which have
gradually crept into eeclesiastical organizations, and which need to be removed in order
that such organizations may become pure and scriptural. A reforrn is not the introduction
of a new system of religion, but rather the revival of the old system, and the assertion
of its supremaey over the innovations of men. It is not a movement based on the pretended
reception of a new revelation, conflicting with previous ones from an unchanging Jehovah,
but it is the enforcernent of the commands and precepts which have already been revealed,
but which have been obscured, and invalidated, and made of none effect by human tradition.
Thus it was with the Great Reform introduced by
Jesus Christ. He declared that he came "not to destroy the law, but to fulfil
it." In the prosecution of his mission, he utterly disregarded the religious rites
which owed their origin to mere human invention, and, by a studied non-observanee of the
traditions of the Jewish elders, he constantly exhibited his disapprobation of them. At
the same time, he taught principles, which, if carried out, would restore the supremacy of
God's law, and effectually remove every vestige of this usurpation of authority by man.
This course brought down upon him the displeasure of those who were wedded to the rites of
tradition, while they neglected the more important commands of God. They therefore came to
expostulate with him in reference to the course pursued by him, saying, "Why do thy
disciples transgress the traditions of the elders~" But Jesus, in reply, asked them a
far more pertinent and weighty question: "Why do you also transgress the commandment
of God by your tradition?" and then, after citing a case in point, he charged them,
in the words of the text, with making void the law of God, by substituting their
unscriptural observances for his divine commands: –" Thus have ye made the
commandment of God of none effect by your tradition."
There exists to-day a body of Christians, who
are laboring to effect the same kind of reforrn as that in which the blessed Saviour was
engaged, more than eighteen hundred yeavs ago. That body, though designated since the days
of Christ by various names, is known, at the present time, by the name of Baptists. The
theme of this, and several succeeding Lectures will be,
THE DISTINGUISHING
FEATURES OF THAT REFORM
IN WHICH BAPTISTS ARE ENGAGED.
Many persons suppose, that the only difference between Baptists and other evangelical denominations, is respecting the mode and subjects of baptism. This is, indeed, the principal external difference: but this difference exhibits tlie adherence, on the part of Baptists, to a great and important principle, which is involved in their action, and which they believe to be violated by those who difer from them in this matter. An illustration of their position is found in the text and its connection. The washing of a person's hands before eating, was, in itself, a small matter; but it involved, in this instance, a sinful obtruding of human tradition in the place of divine commands. This is just the principle that is involved in the practice of infant sprinkling. We announce, then, as the First Feature of the reform in which Baptists are engaged,
The Exaltation of the Word of God above Tradition, in all Matters of Religious Duty.
There has always been a
conflict between Divine revelation and human tradition; and yet the advocates of the
latter have almost invariably endeavored to reconcile it with the former, and thus the
Word of God is often distorted in vain efforts to make it support that which is of merely
human origin. The ultimate effect of these efforts is to divide the Bible against itself,
and to cause it to be utterly disregarded as the standard of appeal in matters of
religious duty. It was thus with the traditions of the Jewish elders. Those who followed
them and practised their rites, ceased to regard the Scriptures which they possessed as
the standard of duty; they became a dead letter, and the tradition of the elders –
not the Scriptures – was the authority they cited for the support of their rites.
"For God commanded, saying, Honor thy father and mother; and he that curseth father
or mother, let him die the death. But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his
mother, It is a gift by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me, and honor not his
father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none
effect by your tradition."
The same result followed, when the disciples
listened to the voice of tradition. On one occasion Christ said, in reference to John,
"If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?" Tradition
immediately distorted the question into an assertion: "Then went that saying abroad
among the brethren, that that disciple should not die."[1]
Here tradition uttered a falsehood, and taught as usual a lie.
It is thus, also, in reference to the Chureh of
Rome. Tradition after tradition has been received, until it becomes dangerous to the
interests of that church to permit her deluded members to read God's Word – so
directly are her traditions opposed to that Word. And, in order to sustain herself, she
vainly arrogates to herself infallibility, and exalts herself above the Bible, and makes
the commandment of God of none effect by her tradition. The will of the Pope. and the
decisions of councils, are made the standards of appeal, and the Bible is a dead letter.
And yet this same church, in all her corruption, endeavors to reconcile her traditions, in
some instances, with the Bible; but, in order to do it, she distorts and invents Scripture
to suit herself.
On what does the Papacy rest to support its
penances, and image-worship, and prayers to the saints, and priestly absolutions, and, in
short, its very existenee? I reply in one word, Tradition. Let the Bible become her
standard, and she would cease to exist. She has made almost every commandment of God of
none effect by her tradition.
Thus it is, also, with Protestant Pedobaptist
churches. Tradition is the basis on which infant sprinkling rests. We look in vain for any
command in referenee to it in the Bible; the Scriptures utter not a word in support of it.
The most able Pedobaptists have themselves admitted this. Says Dr. Woods, an eminent
Pedobaptist: "Whatever may have been the precepts of Christ, or his apostles, to
those who enjoyed their personal instruetions, it is plain there is no express precept respecting
infant baptism in our sacred writings. The proof, then, that infant baptism is a divine
institution, must be made out some other way."[2] He
says further: "The want of an express, positive command of Scripture that infants
should be baptized, is not to be considered as a valid objection against infant
baptism."[3]
It is here plainly admitted that there is no
command for infant baptism in the Word of God. But we do not need these admissions to
substantiate our assertion. We simply appeal to the Bible itself. If it was there, we
could see it for ourselves. We ask any one to show us the first instance of the sprinkling
of an infant, or any command to administer baptism to infants. It cannot be found.
Thousands of dollars have been offered for the production of a single text, authorizing
the practice; but these premiums have never been claimed. On what, then, does it rest? I
reply, on tradition. Dr. Woods says that authority for it, "may be afforded
particularly by an unwritten tradition." It is a human invention,
having no higher authority than that of man. It is one of the traditions which the
Protestant Reformers brought from Rome. It is the main "pillar" on which Popery
rests; for, if you take away the baptism of infants, Rome would soon fall. Its
defence necessitates Romish arguments; and instances are not wanting where Pedobatists in
combating Romanists, have either been compelled to use arguments fatal to their own
practices, or else be defeated.[4] And it is a
matter of history, that Protestant arguments against Baptists have often been used by
Romanists against Protestants themselves. A forcible proof of this is seen in the
following extract from the Roman Catholic Catechism:
"Q. Can Protestants prove to Baptists, that the baptism of infants is good and useful?
What use do they make of Mark, chap. 10: ' He who believeth and is baptized shall be saved?
"A. No; they cannot; because, according to Protestant principles, such baptism is useless.
"Q. Why do you say this?
"A. One of the Protestant principles is, that no human being can be justified except by an act of faith in Jesus Christ; but no infant is capable of making this act of faith; therefore, upon Protestant principles, the baptism of infants is useless.
"Q.Can you draw the same consequence from any other principle?
"A. Yes; their first principle is, that nothing is to be practised which is not authorized by Scriptural example; but it does not appear from Scripture, that even one infant was ever baptized; therefore Protestants should reject, on their own principle, infant baptism as an unscriptural usage.
"Q. How do Baptists treat other Protestants?
"A. They boast that the Scripture is evidently for Baptist practice – that other Protestants hold traditional doctrines, like the Catholics. They quote Matt. chap. 28: 'Go teach all nations, baptizing them,' from which they say it is clear that teaching should go before baptism; hence they conclude that as infants cannot be taught, so neither should they be baptized, until they are capable of teaching or instruction.
"Q.
"A. They say it is evident that belief or faith must precede baptism; but they add infants are not capable of believing; therefore neither are they capable of being baptized.
"Q. What can Protestants reply to this Baptist reasoning?
"A. They may give these passages another meaning; but they can never prove that their interpretation is better than that of the Baptists, because they themselves give every one a right to interpret Scripture.
"Q. How do Catholics prove that infants ought to be baptized?
"A. Not from Scripture alone, which is not very clear on this subject, but from the Scripture illustrated by the constant tradition of the church.
"Q. Can Proteatants use this argument of tradition against the Baptists?
"A. No; they have no right to use it in this matter, where it would serve them, since they reject it in every question where it is opposed to their novel and lately invented doctrines."[5]
Says the President of the
famous Council of Trent, a Roman Catholic Cardinal, speaking of the Baptists: "And
surely, how many soever have written against this heresy, whether they were Catholics or
Reformers, they were able to overthrow it, not so much by the testimony of the Scriptures,
as by the authority of the Church." And Bayle, in his Critical Dictionary, says that
the Protestants were obliged to meet the Baptists with arguments which were turned against
them by the papists. Dr. Woods furnishes us an illustration of this assertion. He says:
"It is unquestionable, that the knowledge of some extraordinary events of providence,
or of some divine injunctions, may be as truly and as certainly communicated in this way,
[by an unwritten tradition,] as in others; and we should in many cases, consider a man who
should refuse to admit the truth and authority of a tradition, to be as unreasonable, as
if he should refuse to admit the authority of written or printed records."[6] Now I ask if this is not giving up to Rome all she claims?
"We should consider a man who should refuse to admit the authority of tradition, to
be as unreasonable as if he shonld refuse to admit the authority of written or printed
records!" Will not Popery heartily endorse this doctrine? Now on what kind of
traditionary authority does infant sprinkling rest? Why, upon the same as every other
corruption of Rome; and if Romish tradition be followed in this case, why not in all
others? Thus, we have shown that infant sprinkling requires Romish arguments. Now, the
simple reason of this is, that, like the other rites of Popery, it is founded in
tradition.
Further, the commandment of God is made of none
effect by this tradition. God has given express and plain commands, in reference to every
duty and ordinance. He has commanded believers to be baptized; He has extended the command
to none others. Those baptized in infancy, in a multitude of cases, grow up in unbelief,
and never become believers. But where they do become converts, they are taught, by the
tradition of the church, that their infant baptism is sufficient, and they are not
expected to be baptized after believing. And even when persons sprinkled in infancy are
led, by the study of the Bible, to desire baptism after they have believed, strong efforts
are always made to dissuade them from it, and they are often compelled to go to the
Baptists in order to be baptized. These things are of such common occurrence, that it is
unnecessary to relate instances in proof. Thus the Word of God is made of no effect.
Again, Pedobaptists, like the Jewish elders,
endeavor to reconcile their tradition with the Word of God. Look at their reasoning:
"Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift by whatsoever thou
mightest be profited by me, and honor not his father or his mother, he shall be
free." Pedobaptists say: "If any persons be sprinkled in infancy, and be not
baptized after they believe, it is sufficient." There is an exact parallel. Here you
perceive the reasonings of men, in both instances, though opposed to the express command
of God, are made the standard, instead of his Word. Would it not sound strange to hear a
Pedobaptist minister urge his people to simply follow the teaching and example of Christ,
in reference to baptism? Yet this is right; but this comes directly in contact with their
tradition.
Now Baptists are opposed to tradition, any
where and every where; whether they find it in the Church of Rome, or in Protestant
churches. They aim to elevate the Word of God above tradition, as the standard of duty in
all places. It is professedly the grand doctrine of Protestantiam – which Protestants
themselves have abandoned – that Baptists steadily maintain. They aim to bring all to
this standard. They, themselves, have always adhered to the Bible. Did any one ever hear
of Baptists being charged with following tradition? The charge would be ridiculously
absurd; for they have always opposed tradition as a guide in matters of religious duty.
From these remarks, it will be perceived, that
while the subjects and mode of baptism is the external ground of difference between
Baptists and others, that difference involves a great principle; and the primary question
is not, Shall infants be baptized? but, whether God's Word or tradition shall be our
guide. God has uttered his will in the matter. That will we follow, as we find it in his
Word. Those who oppose us, by their own showing, follow tradition. We are laboring to
effect a reform. In doing so we refer all to the Bible. We assert its supremaey above all
human teaching, our own, as well as that of others.
This, then, is a prominent feature of the
reform in which Baptists are engaged. And I observe it is most important and neeessary.
Especially is it necessary
1. In combating error. If tradition be allowed
in one particular, who will prohibit it in another? Romanism is gaining ground in this
country; it is a religion of tradition. Who will oppose it? Those who are themselves
trammeled by tradition? To every argument, they can retort, as they have done, "Where
do you get your infant sprinkling?" The most staunch Romanist asks nothing more than
the adoption of the principle, contained in the language already quoted, of a Protestant
Pedobaptist in support of infant sprinkling: "We should consider a man who should
refuse to adrnit the truth and authority of tradition, to be as unreasonable as if he
should refuse to admit the truth, of written or printed reeords." No Pedobaptist can
consistently oppose Romanism. There is no consistent position between the Romish and the
Baptist church. Tradition 1eads to the one – the Word of God to the other. Infidelity
and Rationalism, also, are rearing their heads in our midst, and who shall meet them?
Their cry is, "Priestcraft., and ministerial dictation!" Who shall meet them?
Those who suffer their ministers to tell them what to believe, and to dictate wliether
they shall investigate a subject or not? No! but those who are prepared, by an independent
investigation, and a manly appeal to the Bible, to show the falsity of their charges. This
feature of reform is neeessary
2. To the purity of the Church. No organization
can be pure, without a pure standard. Tradition is liable to perversion; there is no
certainty about it. To-day it assumes one position, to-morrow an opposite one. Thus it has
ever been. The Church of Rome, though claiming infallibility, has constantly changed her
ground of action, because governed by the variable standard of tradition. This is no less
true of Protestant Pedobaptism. To-day, infants are sprinkled on one gronnd; to-morrow
that ground is abandoned, and another, directly opposite to it, is urged, as a reason for
administering the rite. Anon, both these are abandoned, and a new position, with a new set
of arguments is introduced.
This is strikingly illustrated in the
experience of Simon Menno, a Romish priest, who in 1580 was converted to Christ, and to
Baptist sentiments, by reading the New Testaiaent. He says:
"I examined the Scriptures with diligence and meditated on them earnestly, but could find in them no authority for infant baptism. As I remarked this, I spoke of it to my pastor, and after several conversations he acknowledged that infant baptism had no ground in the Scriptures. Yet I dare not trust so much to my understanding. I consulted some ancient authors, who taught me that children must, by baptism, be washed from their original sin. This I compared with the Seriptures and perceived that it set at naught the blood of Christ. Afterward I went to Luther, and would gladly have known from him the ground; and he taught me that we must baptize children on their own faith, because they are holy. This also I saw was not according to God's Word. In the third place I went to Brucer, who taught me that we should baptize children in order to be able the rnore diligently to take care of them, and bring them up in the ways of the Lord. But, this too, I saw, was a groundless representation. In the fourth place I had recourse to Bullinger, who pointed me to the covenant of circumcision; but I found as before, that, according to Scripture, the practice could not stand. As I now on every side observed that the writers stood on grounds so very different, and each followed his own reason, I saw clearly that we were deceived with infant baptism."
Can the church be pure with
such a contradictory guide as tradition? Never!
Finally, I inquire, Does the charge of the text
lie against any of my Christian brethren? If you have neglected baptism since you
believed, because you were sprinkled in infancy, it most assuredly does. Your sprinkling
rests on tradition. The Bible says, "He that believeth and is baptized, shall be
saved." "Repent and be baptized, every one of you." If, because sprinkled
in infancy, you refuse now to obey Christ, we say to you, in His own truthful langnage,
"Thus have ye made the cornmandment of God of none effect by your tradition!"
[1] John xxi. 22, 23
[2] Lectures on Infant Baptism, p. 10, 11.
[3] Lectures on Infant Baptism, p. 17.
[4] This is strikingly illustrated in the celebrated Letters of "Kirwan" (Rev. Dr. Murray, a Protestant Pedobaptist) to Bishop Hughes. He says: "Once secure a just and scriptural view of the character of a true minister of Christ, and of the great end of a gospel ministry, and the whole framework of popery vanishes." "A true minister is one who, with the love of God and of the salvation of men filling his soul, goes out into all the ways which providence opens before him, preaching everywhere, as did Peter and Paul, 'repentance toward God, and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.' He has only one object – to lead men to the knowledge of the truth. He goes out with an open Bible, to expound. it, praying that the Holy Spirit may so apply its truths to the hearts of his hearers, that they may be created anew in Christ Jesus unto good works. To those who believe, he administers the rite of baptism, and, as God gives him opportunity, he administers the Lord's Supper to the faithful, for the purpose of commemorating the death of Christ, until he comes the second time without sin unto salvation. Such were the ministers of Christ before the rise of popery; and such only are the true ministers of Christ now." – Kirwan's Letters to Bishop Hughes, Second Series, p. 90, 91.
No intelIigent reader need be reminded that this is language utterly at variance with Pedobaptist teaching and practice.
[5] Doctrinal Catechism of Catholic Faith and Practice, approved by the Most Rev. John Hughes, D. D., pp. 184-186.
[6] Lectures on Infant Baptism, p. 17.
PREFACE | RECOMMENDATIONS
LECTURE 1 | LECTURE 2 | LECTURE 3 | LECTURE 4 | LECTURE 5 | LECTURE 6 | LECTURE 7 | LECTURE 8 | LECTURE 9 | LECTURE 10
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